Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the development of the social welfare system in Islamic law, its objectives, principles, historical foundations and practical mechanisms. It highlights how the five essential goals of the Sharia - protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage and property - serve as the basis for social stability and justice, and explains the levels of necessities (daruriyyat), needs (hajiyyat) and complementary concerns (tahsiniyyat), as well as the role of zakat, sadaqah, ushr and waqf in the fair distribution of wealth.